{"id":988588,"date":"2026-09-10T15:13:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T15:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/durabilisandco.com\/?p=988588"},"modified":"2026-09-10T15:18:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T15:18:24","slug":"paradoxe-hydrique-africain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/durabilisandco.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/10\/paradoxe-hydrique-africain\/","title":{"rendered":"Le paradoxe hydrique africain : avoir de l’eau ne garantit pas l’eau potable"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00c0 l’occasion de la Journ\u00e9e africaine de l’eau<\/strong>, une question se pose : un pays qui dispose de ressources renouvelables importantes fournit-il n\u00e9cessairement une eau potable s\u00fbre \u00e0 sa population ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9ponse des donn\u00e9es est non.<\/p>\n

L’analyse met en regard deux indicateurs officiels pour les pays africains :<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
      <\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • \n
          \n
        • les ressources renouvelables internes en eau douce par habitant ;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          <\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n
              \n
            • la part de la population utilisant un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              <\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Les 54 pays africains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recherch\u00e9s. Les deux indicateurs sont disponibles pour 29 pays et permettent une comparaison sans estimation.<\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

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              \"\"<\/figure>\n

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              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/p>\n

              Le r\u00e9sultat principal<\/strong><\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Dans cet \u00e9chantillon, la corr\u00e9lation entre les ressources renouvelables internes par habitant et l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9e en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est faible et n\u00e9gative : r = -0,245.
              Autrement dit, les pays qui disposent de davantage de ressources en eau par habitant ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement ceux o\u00f9 la population b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du meilleur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une eau potable s\u00fbre.
              La ressource naturelle et le service d’eau ne recouvrent pas la m\u00eame r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              La premi\u00e8re mesure une disponibilit\u00e9 physique.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Le second d\u00e9pend notamment des infrastructures, de la gestion, de la qualit\u00e9, de la continuit\u00e9 du service, du financement et de la gouvernance.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Quelques chiffres cl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n

              <\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n
                  <\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                      \n
                    • En R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, 27 658 m3 d’eau renouvelable par habitant sont comptabilis\u00e9s en 2022, mais seulement 6,2 % de la population utilise un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      <\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n
                          \n
                        • En Sierra Leone, les ressources atteignent 19 331 m3 par habitant en 2022, tandis que l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 concerne 10,9 % de la population en 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          <\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n
                              \n
                            • En R\u00e9publique du Congo, les ressources s’\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 36 785 m3 par habitant en 2022, contre 45,9 % de la population utilisant un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              <\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \n
                                  \n
                                • \u00c0 l’inverse, le Maroc pr\u00e9sente 777 m3 par habitant en 2022, mais 80,0 % de la population utilise un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Ce que montre la carte<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  La carte croise les deux indicateurs. Les couleurs combinent le niveau de ressources renouvelables par habitant et le niveau d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9e en s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Les pays sans les deux donn\u00e9es sont affich\u00e9s en gris et ne sont pas compar\u00e9s.
                                  Elle fait appara\u00eetre une id\u00e9e simple : la pr\u00e9sence d’eau dans l’environnement ne suffit pas \u00e0 garantir un service d’eau potable pour les populations.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Question pour l’action publique<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n


                                  <\/strong>Le v\u00e9ritable enjeu n’est donc pas seulement de disposer d’eau, mais de transformer cette ressource en un service accessible, continu et s\u00fbr.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Sources et m\u00e9thodologie<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n


                                  <\/strong>Les ressources renouvelables internes en eau douce par habitant proviennent de FAO AQUASTAT, diffus\u00e9es par la Banque mondiale sous l’indicateur ER.H2O.INTR.PC.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Les donn\u00e9es disponibles dans la collecte sont principalement celles de 2022.
                                  La part de la population utilisant un service d’eau potable g\u00e9r\u00e9 en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 provient du Programme commun OMS\/UNICEF de suivi de l’eau, de l’assainissement et de l’hygi\u00e8ne (JMP), diffus\u00e9 par la Banque mondiale sous l’indicateur SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Les donn\u00e9es disponibles sont principalement celles de 2024.
                                  La corr\u00e9lation est une mesure descriptive calcul\u00e9e sur les 29 pays disposant des deux indicateurs.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Elle ne d\u00e9montre pas de causalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Limites<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Les 54 pays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 recherch\u00e9s, mais les deux indicateurs ne sont pas disponibles pour tous. Les ann\u00e9es de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence diff\u00e8rent selon les pays et selon les indicateurs.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Les sources de recoupement republient en partie les donn\u00e9es des m\u00eames organismes internationaux ; elles v\u00e9rifient la coh\u00e9rence et le mill\u00e9sime, mais ne constituent pas toujours une mesure totalement ind\u00e9pendante.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Conclusion
                                  <\/strong>L’Afrique ne manque pas uniquement de ressources en eau. Le d\u00e9fi est aussi de rendre ces ressources accessibles sous la forme d’un service d’eau potable s\u00fbr.<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Date d\u2019analyse : Ao\u00fbt 2025<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Analyse par Muriel BITOME & G\u00e9n\u00e9reux Tchiakpe<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\n

                                  Septembre, 2026<\/p>\n

                                  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  \u00c0 l’occasion de la Journ\u00e9e africaine de l’eau, une question se pose : un pays qui dispose de ressources renouvelables importantes fournit-il n\u00e9cessairement une eau potable s\u00fbre \u00e0 sa population ? La r\u00e9ponse des donn\u00e9es est non. L’analyse met en regard deux indicateurs officiels pour les pays africains : les ressources renouvelables internes en eau…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":988589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[71,74,73,67,70,68,69,72],"class_list":["post-988588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blue-economy","tag-acces-a-leau-potable","tag-data-flash","tag-donnees-africaines","tag-eau","tag-eau-en-afrique","tag-eau-potable","tag-paradoxe-hydrique-africain","tag-ressources-en-eau"],"yoast_head":"\nLe paradoxe hydrique africain | Durabilis & Co Africa - Durabilis & Co Africa | Strat\u00e9gie, Donn\u00e9es & Impact<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le paradoxe hydrique africain : d\u00e9couvrez pourquoi la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources en eau ne garantit pas l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable sur le continent.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/durabilisandco.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/10\/paradoxe-hydrique-africain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le paradoxe hydrique africain | Durabilis & Co Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avoir de l\u2019eau ne garantit pas l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable. 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